Criteria for 'Endangered (EN)'

A) Reduction in population size based on any of the following:

1. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of ≥ 70% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, where the causes of the reduction are clearly reversible AND understood AND ceased, based on (and specifying) any of the following:
   1. direct observation
   2. an index of abundance appropriate for the taxon
   3. a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat
   4. actual or potential levels of exploitation
   5. the effects of introduced taxa, hybridisation, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.
2. An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of ≥ 50% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible, based on (and specifying) any of (a) to (e) under A1.
3. A population size reduction of ≥ 50%, projected or suspected to be met within the next 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer (up to a maximum of 100 years), based on (and specifying) any of (b) to (e) under A1.
4. An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or suspected population size reduction of ≥ 50% over any 10 year or three generation period, whichever is longer (up to a maximum of 100 years in the future), where the time period must include both the past and the future, and where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible, based on (and specifying) any of (a) to (e) under A1.

B) Geographic range in the form of either B1 (extent of occurrence) OR B2 (area of occupancy) OR both:

1. Extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 5,000 km², and estimates indicating at least two of a-c:
   1. Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than five locations.
   2. Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected, in any of the following:
      1. extent of occurrence
      2. area of occupancy
      3. area, extent and/or quality of habitat
      4. number of locations or subpopulations
      5. number of mature individuals
   3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
      1. extent of occurrence
      2. area of occupancy
      3. number of locations or subpopulations
      4. number of mature individuals
2. Area of occupancy estimated to be less than 500 km², and estimates indicating at least two of a-c:
   1. Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than five locations.
   2. Continuing decline, inferred, observed or projected, in any of the following:
      
      1. extent of occurrence
      2. area of occupancy
      3. area, extent and/or quality of habitat
      4. number of locations or subpopulations
      5. number of mature individuals
   3. Extreme fluctuations in any of the following:
      1. extent of occurrence
      2. area of occupancy
      3. number of locations or subpopulations
      4. number of mature individuals

C) Population estimated to number fewer than 2,500 mature individuals and either:

1. An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within five years or two generations, whichever is longer, (up to a maximum of 100 years in the future) OR
2. A continuing decline, observed, projected, or inferred, in numbers of mature individuals AND at least one of the follow (a-b):
   1. Population structure in the form of one of the following:
      1. no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 250 mature individuals, OR
      2. at least 95% of mature individuals in one subpopulation
   2. Extreme fluctuations in number of mature individuals

D) Population size estimated to number fewer than 250 mature individuals.

E) Quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in the wild is at least 20% within 20 years or five generations, whichever is the longer (up to a maximum of 100 years).

1. Jump up^ Near-critically endangered.
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b Particularly sensitive to poaching levels.
3. Jump up^ Near-endangered due to poaching.
4. Jump up^ May vary according to levels of tourism.
5. Jump up^ Varies according to female populations.